The In Medias Res Open
Drops the reader into a moment already in motion, so they read forward to learn how it began and where it goes.
Definition
What it does
The piece opens after the action has started. No setup, no throat-clearing. The first line lands the reader inside an event that is already happening: a chase in progress, a man standing and waiting, a snow morning with cattle to reach. The writer skips the chronological beginning and starts at a charged interior point of the story. Because the reader arrives late, they must reconstruct the missing front-story while simultaneously wanting the rest. The opening line is doing two jobs at once: establishing a scene and creating forward pull.
Why it works
Narrative comprehension is reconstructive. When a reader is dropped past the beginning, the mind immediately begins back-filling the cause: who is this, why are they here, what just happened. That involuntary reconstruction is attention, and it is happening before the reader has decided whether to keep reading. The technique also borrows the texture of memory and film, where consciousness rarely starts a scene at its literal start. By refusing the orienting preamble, the writer signals that something is already at stake, and stakes-in-progress are far stickier than stakes being slowly set up from zero.
Where it appears
* Most frequent first, based on materials selected for the Persuasion Taxonomy corpus.
Examples of The In Medias Res Open
“Two feet of fresh snow fell last night.”
A Marlboro Country television spot that opens on a stark report of overnight snowfall, states that the high range is now cut off, and lays out the working logic of the morning: if the cattle cannot reach the rancher, the rancher must reach the cattle. The visuals follow a cowboy riding out into deep snow to do exactly that. No product is discussed in the open. The scene is the persuasion.
Why it’s this techniqueThe spot begins with a fact about weather that has already occurred and a logistical problem that already exists, and it expects the viewer to occupy that problem immediately. There is no establishing of who the cowboy is, how long he has worked this range, or why the cattle matter. The reader is set down inside a morning that is already a crisis and a routine at the same time. The load-bearing element is the present tense of the predicament: snow fell, the range is cut, the work must be done now. The viewer reconstructs the rest, the isolation, the labor, the self-reliance, from the single situation handed to them. This is in medias res rather than a domestic scene open because the frame is not a home tableau but an action that must be undertaken, and rather than a curiosity gap because nothing is being withheld for a body to reveal. The whole stake is visible at once. What pulls the viewer forward is not a missing answer but the wanting to watch the action resolve. The brand attribution arrives only after the scene has done its emotional work, which is the structural signature of dropping the audience into motion and letting the world, not a pitch, carry the open. The line lands because the problem it names is concrete, physical, and already in progress.
Classification
- Primary technique
- PT-DSR-904
- Classification confidence
- 0.86
- Source
- Leo Burnett for Marlboro, c. 1972
“He waits.”
A Guinness brand film whose opening voiceover is two words in the present tense, naming a man who is in the act of waiting. The film then expands the single act into a meditation on the time it takes a pint to settle, intercutting the waiting man with images that dramatize patience. The famous payoff line about good things coming to those who wait arrives later; the open is only the act, in progress.
Why it’s this techniqueThe entire open is a present-tense verb applied to an unnamed man. He waits. The viewer is dropped into the middle of an action that has no stated beginning and no stated object. We do not know who he is, what he waits for, or how long he has been at it, and the line refuses to tell us. That refusal is the engine. The mind cannot watch someone wait without asking what they are waiting for, and the answer is deferred into the body of the film. This reads as in medias res rather than open loop statement because the hook is not an abstract teased proposition but a concrete, ongoing physical state the viewer is made to inhabit in real time. It is not a curiosity gap of the headline-and-resolve kind, because nothing is asserted as a fact-to-be-explained. There is only an act, suspended. The brilliance is the economy: two words establish a man, a posture, a tension, and an unanswered question, and they do it by starting after the waiting has already begun. The technique lands here because the action chosen, waiting, is itself the product's promise, so the open and the sell are the same gesture. Starting in the middle of the wait makes the viewer feel the duration rather than be told about it.
Classification
- Primary technique
- PT-DSR-904
- Classification confidence
- 0.83
- Source
- AMV BBDO for Guinness, c. 1994
“I was out of my chair, out the door, and on the next plane out of town.”
A direct-mail investment promotion that opens on the writer recounting the instant he grasped a small company's potential, describing himself springing from his chair, leaving the office, and boarding a flight to meet the company's president. The body then doubles back to explain what the company was and why the reaction was warranted. The open is the burst of motion before any explanation.
Why it’s this techniqueThe sentence is built entirely from verbs of departure stacked in sequence: out of the chair, out the door, on the plane. The reader meets the writer already in flight, already acting, before they are told what triggered it. The chronological beginning, the moment of discovery and the reasoning behind it, is deliberately skipped and supplied later. What the reader is handed first is pure kinetic consequence. This is in medias res in its direct-response form: the promo could have opened with a calm setup of the company and the opportunity, but instead it drops the reader into the middle of the writer's reaction and trusts the velocity to create the wanting. It is not a confession hook, because nothing shameful or secret is being admitted; it is an action being narrated. It is not a pure curiosity gap headline, because the hook is not a withheld noun but a witnessed scramble. The reader reconstructs the cause precisely because the effect was shown first and the effect was disproportionate. A grown professional does not sprint to an airport over nothing, so the open implies a stake large enough to justify the motion, and that implication is what pulls the reader into the body to find out what could possibly warrant it. The technique lands because the action is specific and physical rather than abstract excitement.
Classification
- Primary technique
- PT-DSR-904
- Classification confidence
- 0.82
- Source
- Agora Financial (attributed), c. 2010
“At 17, I was in a high-speed chase with the cops, behind the wheel of a stolen car.”
A web sales page for a coaching program that opens with the author placing himself, at seventeen, mid-pursuit, driving a stolen car while police chase him. The body later walks back to how he reached that point and forward to how his life changed, framing the program as the bridge between the reckless teenager and the successful operator. The open is the chase, already underway.
Why it’s this techniqueThe line begins inside the chase, not before it. The reader is not told how the car was stolen, why the police are involved, or what led a seventeen-year-old to that wheel. They are dropped at the moment of maximum motion and made to ride along. The verb tense and framing place the action in progress: he is in the chase, behind the wheel, as we arrive. The missing front-story, the decisions that led here, is exactly what the mind starts reconstructing, and the missing back-story, how someone in a police chase becomes a person worth learning from, is the forward pull into the offer. This is in medias res rather than confession hook because the emphasis is on the dramatized action rather than the admission of wrongdoing; the chase is staged as a scene, not whispered as a secret. It is not gossip overheard, because there is no third party reporting on the subject. The author is the actor and we are placed beside him. It is not a domestic scene, since the frame is a public, high-velocity event. The choice to open at age seventeen mid-chase rather than at any calmer biographical starting point is the whole technique: the disorienting drop forces the reader to want both halves of the timeline, and wanting the timeline is what keeps them on the page. It lands because the scene is concrete, dated to an age, and physically vivid.
Classification
- Primary technique
- PT-DSR-904
- Classification confidence
- 0.85
- Source
- Dan Martell, c. 2022
“Backspin on a warped table under bad light.”
A Puma brand film fragment whose opening line is a clipped sensory description of a table-tennis moment in progress: the spin on the ball, the warped surface, the poor lighting. The film builds from this single in-progress detail into a portrait of play and craft. There is no introduction of player, place, or stakes before the sensory detail lands.
Why it’s this techniqueThe line is a fragment, not even a full sentence, and it names an action that is happening right now: backspin, on a warped table, under bad light. There is no subject established, no narrator setting the scene, no chronology. The reader is dropped into the exact texture of a moment already underway and must assemble the rest from the sensory shards: someone is playing, the conditions are rough, the play continues anyway. This is in medias res reduced to its barest mechanism, the present-tense detail that assumes the action precedes the reader's arrival. It is not a screenplay direction anchor in the sense of a bracketed stage instruction; it reads as lived perception rather than a script note, and the persuasive weight is on immersing the viewer in an ongoing moment, not on signalling that a script is being read. It is not a curiosity gap, because nothing is withheld as a promised reveal; the line offers no question to be answered later, only a scene to be inhabited now. The technique works because the specificity of the detail, the warp of the table, the badness of the light, makes the reader supply the surrounding reality involuntarily. By starting mid-rally rather than at a clean beginning, the open conveys that play, and by extension the brand's ethos, happens in imperfect conditions and continues regardless. It lands because the sensory anchor is precise rather than generic.
Classification
- Primary technique
- PT-DSR-904
- Classification confidence
- 0.80
- Source
- Puma, c. 2014
“It is 3:42 a.m. on a troop train. Men wrapped in blankets are breathing heavily. Two in every lower berth. One in every upper. This is no ordinary trip. It may be their last in the U.S.A. till the end of the war. Tomorrow they will be on the high seas. One is wide awake ... listening ... staring into the blackness. It is the kid in Upper 4.”
A wartime railroad ad opens with a precise clock time aboard a troop train already underway, describing sleeping soldiers and one boy staring awake into the dark.
Why it’s this techniqueThe piece opens mid-scene with a clock reading already in progress, 'It is 3:42 a.m. on a troop train', with no account of how the train left the station or who boarded it. The reader is set down among sleeping soldiers and left to infer the journey's cause and destination from present-tense detail alone, 'Two in every lower berth. One in every upper.' The structural tell is the closing line naming a single figure inside the ongoing scene, 'the kid in Upper 4', which fixes the reader's attention on a moment already happening rather than a chronological account of how it began.
Classification
- Primary technique
- PT-DSR-904
- Classification confidence
- 0.85
- Source
- New Haven Railroad, c. 1940s print ad (attributed)
“They Laughed When I Sat Down At The Piano But When I Started To Play...”
Mail-order music-course advertising opening at a party, mid-humiliation, before any product is named.
Why it’s this techniqueThe reader arrives after the decisive moment has already begun: people are laughing, the narrator is seated, and the sentence breaks off at 'But When I Started To Play...' before the outcome. No setup establishes who these people are or why it matters, so the reader must enter the scene to find out. The tell is the unresolved verb; the opening withholds the result of an action already underway rather than promising a benefit.
Classification
- Primary technique
- PT-DSR-904
- Classification confidence
- 0.80
- Source
- U.S. School of Music, print advertising (copy attributed to John Caples)
“Time stands still in this Puerto Rican patio. That weathered escutcheon bears the Royal Arms of Spain. You might have stepped back three centuries.”
A tourism ad opens standing inside an old colonial patio, rendering the place in detail before making its case to visit.
Why it’s this techniqueThe copy opens the reader standing inside a fully built place before any claim arrives: 'Time stands still in this Puerto Rican patio,' then hands over a physical detail to touch, 'That weathered escutcheon bears the Royal Arms of Spain.' The tell is that these are pure setting sentences with no argument, no product, no benefit stated. Nothing is being asserted about a thing to buy; a location is simply rendered and the reader is placed into it. 'You might have stepped back three centuries' extends the scene rather than pivoting out of it, so the whole passage functions as an environment the reader inhabits before persuasion begins.
Classification
- Primary technique
- PT-DSR-904
- Classification confidence
- 0.85
- Source
- Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, pre_1960 print ad (attributed)
“It was a little after 2 in the morning when I woke up and found the bed empty.”
A relationship-program sales video opens mid-night as the narrator wakes to find the bed empty.
Why it’s this techniqueThe copy opens cold inside a fixed moment, pinning the exact hour with 'a little after 2 in the morning' and handing over one physical detail, the bed 'empty', before any claim, product, or context arrives. The reader is standing in the room, not being told about it. The tell is the timestamp plus concrete sensory particular doing all the work with zero framing sentence in front of them; there is no thesis to orient to, only the scene itself. Nothing here summarizes or argues, so the whole line lives as the dropped moment the rest of the letter will climb out of.
Classification
- Primary technique
- PT-DSR-904
- Classification confidence
- 0.85
- Source
- Language of Desire, 2010s web page
“It was the 1932 World Series. A tie ball game. Slugger Babe Ruth at bat with two strikes and the Wrigley Field crowd howling for strike three. Babe defiantly points one finger toward center field. And POW! He crushes the next pitch deep into the center field bleachers.”
A collectible-plate ad opens by re-staging a famous 1932 baseball moment pitch by pitch.
Why it’s this techniqueThe copy opens cold inside a live moment, 'It was the 1932 World Series. A tie ball game,' then narrates the action as it happens, 'Babe defiantly points one finger toward center field. And POW! He crushes the next pitch deep into the center field bleachers.' The structural tell is the absence of any framing before the scene starts: no product, no pitch, just a fixed place and date and a crowd 'howling for strike three' that seats the reader in the stands. Only after the moment lands does the copy reach for its object, marking the reconstructed scene itself as the beat the piece is built on.
Classification
- Primary technique
- PT-DSR-904
- Classification confidence
- 0.83
- Source
- The Bradford Exchange, 1990s print ad (attributed)
“When the judge demanded an explanation, the district attorney produced a copy of The Case of the Curious Bride by Erle Stanley Gardner. In it, he said, Perry Mason had used the same kind of questioning. Tucking the Perry Mason mystery under his arm, the judge withdrew to his chambers.”
A mail-order book club's print advertisement recounts a courtroom exchange in which a district attorney hands the judge a Perry Mason novel.
Why it’s this techniqueThe passage opens inside a proceeding already underway, with a subordinate clause, 'When the judge demanded an explanation', that assumes a demand, a courtroom, and a dispute the reader has never been shown. Particulars arrive as physical action rather than summary: a copy of the novel 'produced', then the judge 'Tucking the Perry Mason mystery under his arm' as he 'withdrew to his chambers'. The tell is that no sentence orients before the moment starts; no case, no city, no speaker is identified, so gesture and setting carry the reader while the explanation stays withheld.
Classification
- Primary technique
- PT-DSR-904
- Classification confidence
- 0.82
- Source
- Walter J. Black, 1960_2000 print ad (attributed)
“He was introduced to her at a dance a few weeks ago. She invited him to her home. He came. And now, as they sit near each other, as they talk idly of the things that interest them both — they are conscious of a strange, irresistible urge. They move closer to each other. Their hands touch, and an electric thrill runs through their bodies.”
A self-improvement course advertisement narrates an evening between two people who met recently at a dance.
Why it’s this techniqueThe copy sets the reader down inside an unnamed evening as it happens, reporting only what can be watched: 'He was introduced to her at a dance a few weeks ago. She invited him to her home. He came.' Clipped declaratives supply position and action, never motive. A present-tense pivot, 'And now, as they sit near each other', fixes the moment, and the scene lands on the body: 'Their hands touch, and an electric thrill runs through their bodies.' The tell is that nobody is named and nothing is argued; two pronouns and a room hold the whole passage.
Classification
- Primary technique
- PT-DSR-904
- Classification confidence
- 0.84
- Source
- Ralston University Press, pre_1960 print ad (attributed)
See whether your own copy uses The In Medias Res Open, and what else it is doing: analyze your copy.
Boundary Conditions
When it lands
- The opening line lands the reader inside an event that is already happening, with the chronological beginning deliberately skipped and supplied later.
- The action chosen is concrete and physical, so the reader can occupy it immediately and begin reconstructing the missing context without confusion.
- The implied off-screen stake is large enough that the in-progress moment feels worth understanding, pulling the reader toward both the front-story and the resolution.
- The piece pays off the drop promptly, back-filling the cause and carrying the scene forward before the reader's disorientation curdles into frustration.
When it dilutes
- The mid-action moment is too vague or generic, so the reader cannot picture what is happening and abandons the reconstruction rather than leaning in.
- The open is really a withheld answer (curiosity gap), a confessed secret (confession hook), or a home tableau (domestic scene), and the in-medias-res label was chosen by default instead of the tighter sister.
- The writer never circles back to supply the skipped beginning, leaving the reader permanently disoriented and the scene unanchored.
- The dropped-in action has no connection to the product's promise, so the immersion is decorative and the transition to the offer feels like a bait switch.
Taxonomic Relationships
Provenance
- Aristotle. *Poetics*. (Trans. various; the in medias res principle as later codified by Horace.) c. 335 BCE.
- Horace. *Ars Poetica*. c. 19 BCE. (Origin of the "in medias res" formulation regarding the epic poet plunging the reader into the midst of things.)
- Caples, John. *Tested Advertising Methods*. Prentice Hall, 1932 (5th edition with Fred E. Hahn, Prentice Hall, 1997).
- Sugarman, Joseph. *The Adweek Copywriting Handbook*. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
- Bird, Drayton. *Commonsense Direct and Digital Marketing*. Kogan Page, 1982 (5th edition, 2007).